地衣成分の培養生産一覧

Secondary Metabolites in Lichen-derived Cultures
 
updated on Feb. 11, 2001
 
MetaboliteMycobiont [MY][my]Reference
or Tissue Culture [TC][tc]
Aliphatics
GraphenoneGraphis scripta [MY]Miyagawa et al. 1994
Roccellic acidLecanora rupicola [MY]Fox & Huneck 1969
ZeorinAnaptychia hypoleuca [MY]Ejiri & Shibata 1974
Anthraquinones
BellidiflorinCladonia graciliformis [my]Ejiri et al. 1975
Cladonia bellidiflora [my]Ejiri et al. 1975
7-ChloroemodinCaloplaca ferruginea [MY]Renner & Gerstner 1978
EmodinCaloplaca sp. [MY]Nakano et al. 1972
Usnea diffracta [my] Yamamoto et al. 1998
Xanthoria fallax [MY]Nakano et al. 1972
ErythroglaucinXanthoria mandschurica [MY]Nakano et al. 1972
FallacinalXanthoria fallax [MY]Nakano et al. 1972
FallacinolXanthoria fallax [MY]Nakano et al. 1972
FragilinCaloplaca sp. [MY]Nakano et al. 1972
GraciliforminCladonia bellidiflora [my]Ejiri et al. 1975
Cladonia graciliformis [my]Ejiri et al. 1975
ParietinCaloplaca sp. [MY]Nakano et al. 1972
Usnea diffracta [my] Yamamoto et al. 1998
Xanthoria calcicola [MY]Honegger & Kutasi 1990
Xanthoria elegans [MY]Honegger & Kutasi 1990; Yoshimura et al. 1994
Xanthoria fallax [MY]Nakano et al. 1972; Yoshimura et al. 1994
Xanthoria mandschurica [MY]Nakano et al. 1972; Yoshimura et al. 1994
Xanthoria mawsoni [MY]Yoshimura et al. 1994
Xanthoria parietina [MY]Honegger & Kutasi 1990
SkyrinCladonia bellidiflora [my]Ejiri et al. 1975
Cladonia graciliformis [my]Ejiri et al. 1975
Chromones
EugentinLecanora rupicola [MY]Fox & Huneck 1969
EugentiolLecanora rupicola [MY]Fox & Huneck 1969
5-Hydroxy-2,3-dimethyl-Graphis scripta [MY]Takenaka et al. 2000
 7-methoxychromone
5-Hydroxy-3-hydroxymetyl-Graphis scripta [MY]Takenaka et al. 2000
 2-methyl-7-methoxychromone
5-Hydroxy-2-hydroxymetyl-Graphis scripta [MY]Takenaka et al. 2000
 3-methyl-7-methoxychromone
RupicolonLecanora rupicola [MY]Fox & Huneck 1969
Coumarins
8-O-methyldichorodiaportinGraphis sp. [MY]Tanahashi et al. 2000
6,8-Di-O-methylcitreoisocoumarinGraphis sp. [MY]Tanahashi et al. 2000
Depsides
AtranorinUsnea hirta [MY]
Lecanora bicincta [MY]Hamada et al. 1997
Baeomycesic acidFlavocetraria nivalis [MY]Yoshimura et al. 1994
Barbatic acidAcarospora fuscata [my]Yamamoto et al. 1996
Decarboxystenosporic acidUsnea diffracta [my]Yamamoto et al. 1998
Gyrophoric acidRhizocarpon eupertraeum [MY]Hamada et al. 1997
Lecanoric acidStereocaulon curtatum [MY]Hamada & Ueno 1990
Norbarbatic acidRamalina siliquosa [MY]Hamada & Ueno 1987
Ramalina subbreviuscula [MY]Hamada 1988
Ramalina subcomplanata [MY]Hamada 1988
NorsphaerophorinCladonia grayi [MY]Culberson & Armaleo 1992
Squamatic acidFlavocetraria nivalis [MY]Yoshimura et al. 1994
Cladonia crispata [MY]Ejiri & Shibata 1975
Depsidone
Confluentic acidLecidea tessellata [MY]Hamada et al. 1997
DechloropannarinLecanora dispersa [MY&my]Leuckert et al. 1990
Grayanic acidCladonia grayi [MY]Culberson & Armaleo 1992
Norgrayanic acidCladonia grayi [MY]Culberson & Armaleo 1992
Norstictic acidProtoparmelia cupreobadia [MY]Hamada et al. 1997
PannarinLecanora dispersa [MY]Leuckert et al. 1990
Protocetraric acidUsnea flexilis [MY&TC]Yoshimura et al. 1989
Salazinic acidRamalina crassa [MY]Komiya et al. 1969
Usnea flexilis [MY&TC]Yoshimura et al. 1989
Dibenzofurans
Didymic acidCladonia cristatella [MY]Castle & Kubsch 1949
Cladonia cristatella [MY&TC]Culberson & Ahmadjian 1980
Hyposterpsilalic acidStereocaulon japonicum [MY]Miyagawa et al. 1997
Hypostrepsilic acidEvernia esorediosa [MY]Miyagawa et al. 1993
Usnea orientalis [MY]Kon et al. 1997
Isostrepsilic acidUsnea orientalis [MY]Kon et al. 1997
Usnic acidCetraria islandica [MY]Yoshimura et al. 1994
Cladonia cristatella [MY]Castle & Kubsch 1949
Evernia prunastri [MY]Yoshimura et al. 1994
Pseudephebe pubescens [MY]Yoshimura et al. 1994
Ramalina crassa [MY]Komiya & Shibata 1969
Ramalina duriaei [MY]Yoshimura et al. 1994
Ramalina siliquosa [MY]Hamada 1991
Ramalina subbreviuscula [MY]Yoshimura et al. 1994
Ramalina yasudae [MY]Komiya & Shibata 1969
Ramalina yasudae [TC]Yamamoto et al. 1985
Usnea filipendula [MY]Yoshimura et al. 1994
Usnea flexilis [MY&TC]Yoshimura et al. 1989
Usnea hirta [MY&TC]Kinoshita et al. 1993
Usnea montis-fuji [MY]Yoshimura et al. 1994
Usnea mutabilis [MY]Hamada et al. 1997
Usnea orientalis [MY&TC]Kon et al. 1993
Usnea rubescens [TC]Yamamoto et al. 1985
Dibenzopyranones
Graphislactone AGraphis scripta pulverulenta [MY]Tanahashi et al. 1997
Graphislactone BGraphis scripta pulverulenta [MY]Tanahashi et al. 1997
Graphislactone CGraphis scripta pulverulenta [MY]Tanahashi et al. 1997
Furanoquinones
GraphisquinoneGraphis desquamescens [MY]Miyagawa et al. 1994
Naphthoquinones
CristazarinCladonia cristatella [MY&my]Yamamoto et al. 1996
6-MethylcristazarinCladonia cristatella [MY&my]Yamamoto et al. 1996
5,7-Dihydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-Opegrapha sp. [MY]Amano et al. 2000
 2-methoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone
Pulvinics
CalycinCandellariella vitellina Mosbach 1967
Pulvinic acidCandellariella vitellina Mosbach 1967
Pulvic acid lactoneCandellariella vitellina Mosbach 1967
Vulpinic acidCandellariella vitellina Mosbach 1967

[capital letter], solid culture; [small letter], liquid culture

Structures

Aliphatics


Anthraquinones


Chromones


Coumarins

Depsides


Naphthoquinones


Pulvinics

References

[1383] Amano, T., Miyagawa, H., Ueno, T. and Hamada, N. (2000) Production of 5,7-dihdroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-2-methoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone by the cultured lichen mycobiont of Opegrapha sp. no. 9771836. Z. Naturforsch. 55b, 667-669.

[0271] Castle, H. and Kubsch, F. (1949) The production of usnic, didymic, and rhodocladonic acids by the fungal component of the lichen Cladonia cristatella. Arch. Biochem. 23, 158-160.

[0035] Culberson, C. F. and Ahmadjian, V. (1980) Artificial reestablishment of lichen. II. Secondary products of resynthesized Cladonia cristatella and Lecanora chrysoleuca. Mycologia 72, 90-109.

[0600] Culberson, C. F. and Armaleo, D. (1992) Induction of a compete secondary-product pathway in a cultured lichen fungus. Experimental Mycology 16, 52-63.

[0007] Ejiri, H., Sankawa, U, and Shibata, S. (1975) Graciliformin and its acetates in Cladonia graciliformis. Phytochemistry 14, 277-279.

[0400] Ejiri, H. and Shibata, S. (1974) Zeorin from the mycobiont of Anaptychia hypoleuca. Phytochemistry 13, 2871.

[0180] Ejiri, H. and Shibata, S. (1975) Squamatic acid from the mycobiont of Cladonia crispata. Phytochemistry 14, 2505.

[0269] Fox, C. H. and Huneck, S. (1969) The formation of roccellic acid, eugentiol, eugenetin, and rupicolon by the mycobiont Lecanora rupicola. Phytochemistry 8, 1301-1304.

[0267] Hamada, N. (1988) Depside from isolated lichen mycobiont II. Lichenologist 10, 294-295.

[0945] Hamada, N. (1991) Environmental factors affecting the content of usnic acid in the lichen mycobiont of Ramalina siliquosa. Bryologist 94, 57-59.

[1213] Hamada, N., Tanahashi, T., Goldsmith, S. and Nash III, T. H. (1997) Induction of secondary products in isolated mycobionts from north America lichens. Symbiosis 23, 219-224.

[0067] Hamada, N. and Ueno, T. (1987) Depsides from a isolated mycobiont. Agric. Biol. Chem. 51, 1705-1706.

[0266] Hamada, N. and Ueno, T. (1990) Lecanoric acid from the mycobiont of the lichen Stereocaulon curtatum. Phytochemistry 29, 678-679.

[0950] Honegger, R. and Kutasi, V. (1990) Anthraquinone production in the aposymbiotically cultured teloschistalean lichen mycobiont: the role of the carbon source. In: Endocytoniology IV. eds. Nardon, P., Gianizzi-Pearson, V., Grenier, A. M., Margulis, L., and Smith, D. C. INRA, Paris, pp. 175-178.

[0930] Kinoshita, Y., Yamamoto, Y., Yoshimura, I., Kurokawa, T. and Yamada, Y. (1993) Production of usnic acid in cultured Usnea hirta. Bibliotheca Lichenologica 53, 137-145.

[0809] Kon, Y., Kashiwadani, H., Masada, M. and Tamura, G. (1993) Production of usnic acid in cultured Usnea kitamiensis and Usnea orientalis with their natural and non-natural phycobiont. J. Japan Bot. 68, 129-137.

[1220] Kon, Y., Kashiwadani, H., Wardlaw, J. H. and Elix, J. A. (1997) Effects of culture conditions on dibenzofuran production by cultured mycobionts of lichens. Symbiosis 23, 97-106.

[0257] Leuckert, C., Ahmadjian, V., Culberson, C. F. and Johnson, A. (1990) Xanthones and depsidones of the lichen Lecanora dispersa in nature and of its mycobiont in culture. Mycologia 82, 370-378.

[0812] Miyagawa, H., Hamada, N. and Ueno, T. (1993) Hypostrepsilic acid, a new dibenzofuran from the cultured lichen mycobiont of Evernia esorediosa. Phytochemistry 34, 589-591.

[1183] Miyagawa, H., Yamashita, M. and Hamada, N. (1997) Hypostrepsilalic acid from a cultured lichen mycobiont of Stereocaulon japonicum. Phytochemistry 46, 1289-1291.

[0937] Miyagawa, H., Hamada, N., Sato, M. and Ueno, T. (1994) Pigments from the cultured lichen mycobionts of Graphis scripta and G. desquamescens. Phytochemistry 36, 1319-1332.

[0270] Mosbach, K. (1967) On the biosynthesis of lichen substances Part 4. The formation of pulvinic acid derivatives by isolated lichen. Acta Chem. Scand. 21, 2331-2334.

[0015] Nakano, H., Komiya, T. and Shibata, S. (1972) Anthraquinone of the lichens of Xanthoria and Caloplaca and their cultivated mycobionts. Phytochemistry 11, 3505-3508.

[0947] Renner, B. and Gerstner, E. (1978) Anthrachinone aus der Mycobiontenkultur und dem Thallus von Caloplaca ferruginea. Naturwiss. 65, 439-440.

[1382] Takenaka, Y., Tanahashi, T., Nagakura, N. and Hamada, N. (2000) 2,3-Dialkylchromones from mycobiont cultures of the lichen Graphis scripta. Heterocycles 53, 1589-1593.

[1184] Tanahashi, H., Kuroishi, M., Kuwahara., A., Nagakura, N. and Hamada, N. (1997) Four phenols from the cultured lichen mycobiont of Graphis scripta var. pulverulenta. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 45, 1183-1185.

[1384] Tanahashi, T., Takenaka, Y., Nagakura, N., Hamada, N. and Miyawaki, H. (2000) Two isocoumarins from the cultured lichen mycobiont of Graphis sp. Heterocycles 53, 723-728.

[1198] Yamamoto, Y., Kinoshita, Y., Matsubara, H., Kinoshita, K., Koyama, K., Takahashi, K., Kurokawa, T. and Yoshimura, I. (1998) Screening of biological activities and isolation of biological-active compounds from lichens. Recent Res. in Phytochemistry 2, 23-34.

[1277] Yamamoto, Y., Matsubara, H., Kinoshita, Y., Kinoshita, K., Koyama, K., Takahashi, K., Ahmadjian, V., Kurokawa, T. and Yoshimura, I. (1996) Naphthazarin derivatives from cultures of the lichen Cladonia cristatella. Phytochemistry 43, 1239-1242.

[0001] Yamamoto, Y., Mizuguchi, R. and Yamada, Y. (1985) Tissue culture of Usnea rubescens and Ramalina yasudae and production of usnic acid in their cultures. Agric. Biol. Chem. 49, 3347-3348.

[0088] Yoshimura, I., Kurokawa, T,. Nakano, T. and Yamamoto, Y. (1989) Production of secondary metabolic substances by cultured tissues of Usnea flexilis. Bull. Kochi Gakuen College 20, 535-540.

[0967] Yoshimura, I., Kurokawa, T,. Kinoshita, Y., Yamamoto, Y. and Miyawaki, H. (1994) Lichen substances in cultured lichens. J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 76, 249-261.